Impact of some instruments of Law No. 12,305/2010 on sustainable actions: 15 years of National Solid Waste Policy

Abstract

Brazil has advanced environmental legislation, with emphasis on the National Solid Waste Policy (PNRS), established by Law No. 12,305/2010. This policy introduced innovations in waste treatment, establishing shared responsibility and several regulatory instruments. However, its implementation faces challenges, especially in municipalities, due to financial limitations, lack of infrastructure and lack of technical qualifications. Among the 22 instruments of the PNRS, the most notable are solid waste management plans at different government levels, tax incentives and inter-municipal consortia, which require coordination between the public and private sectors. This article, based on documentary and bibliographic research, critically analyzes these instruments, assessing obstacles and impacts after 15 years of validity. The study concludes that public consortia are the best solution to the challenges of waste management in the country, but they encounter obstacles due to political divergences among public managers, hindering their effective implementation.